Participants received a sequence of three mailings: a letter inviting them to participate in the upcoming survey; the survey mailing including the survey instrument, a resource book containing the patient and nurse rating scales, and an application to receive 1.5 hours of continuing education credit for their participation; and a follow-up postcard thanking them for completing the survey.

Eight hundred seventy-one completed surveys were returned out of 3,557 eligible, for an overall response rate of 24%. Respondents had an average of 14 years of experience in nursing. The majority of respondents were staff nurses (75%), 11% were charge nurses, and less than 5% each were managers, clinical nurse specialists, nurse practitioners, case managers, nurse consultants, or nurse educators.

Click here to view the study of practice results

References:
Benner, P. (1984). From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice. Menlo Park, CA: Addison Wesley.

AUTHOR BIOS
Patricia M. Muenzen, MA. Since coming to PES in 1992, Patricia M. Muenzen has directed national studies of numerous professions, including critical care nursing, perianesthesia nursing, and occupational therapy. Ms. Muenzen currently serves on the Research Committee of the American Board of Nursing Specialties.

Sandra Greenberg, PhD. Sandra Greenberg conducts studies of professions and evaluates credentialing programs to enhance the strategic direction of sponsoring agencies. In the past, she served on the Job Analysis Monitoring Panel for the National Council of State Boards of Nursing.

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